THE HUMAN BRAIN (the overview)

      

     Brin is the highest coordinating centre in the body. The brain is located inside the skull of our body. It is protected by the the Bony box in the skull is called cranium. The brain is surrounded by three membranes called meaninges, which help to protect it. The space between the membrane (are meaninges) is filled with cerebro spinal fluid which protects the brain from mechanical shocks. Pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain. 

    The brain is broadly divided into three regions : foreman, midbrain and hindbrain. The four brand consists mainly of cerebrum. The midbrain does not have any further divisions. The hindbrain consists of three centres called pons, cerebellum and medula. We will now discuss the functions of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Let us start with cerebrum which is in the forebrain. 

    The cerebrum is the main thinking part of the brain. It is the site of our faculties such as learning, reasoning, intelligence, personality and memory. All our thoughts, sensations, actions and movements are controlled by the cerebrum. The cerebrum has different areas for performing different functions. There are associations areas in cerebrum which controls thinking and the memory. This association areas Store information and experiences. there are sensory areas where information is received from the sense organs like eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin, and give us the sensation or feeling. Similarly, cerebrum has motor areas from which interactions are sent to muscles to do various type of jobs. 

   All voluntary actions of the body are coordinated by the cerebrum. This happens as follows: the cerebrum interprets this information in the light of previous experiences and takes a decision which it things is right. It then sends voluntary muscles move to brain about the appropriate responses.

   We will now describe the functions of midbrain. Demetriade controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk in response to visual and auditory stimuli. It also controls the reflex movements of the eye muscles, changes in pupil size and shape of the eye lens.  

   We will now describe the functions of the part of the hindbrain which are pons, cerebellum and medulla. The pons takes part in the regulating respiration. The cerebellum helps in maintaining posture and balance of the body. It also enables how to make precise and accurate moments. The cerebellum coordinates smooth body movements such as walking, dancing, riding a bicycle and picking up pencil, etc. Medulla controls various involuntary action such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure and peristaltic movements of alimentary canal. Medal ise also the controlling centre for reflexes such as swallowing, coughing, sneezing, secretion of saliva and vomiting.

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